Landmark Trial Collections
Hypertension
Lipids
Anemia
Asthma
rxfiles.ca/trials
We undertake a lot of critical appraisal to create our drug comparison charts. Selected insight from that appraisal is published here.
Hypertension
Lipids
Anemia
Asthma
Diabetes:
CV Outcomes
Menopause
ODYSSEY
Alirocumab (PRALUENT) & Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome
LODESTAR
Treat-to-target or high-intensity statins in patients with coronary artery disease
Delayed Antibiotics for Children with Respiratory Infections
Effectiveness & safety of delayed vs immediate vs no
antibiotic prescription in children with uncomplicated respiratory tract infections
REPRIEVE
Pitavastatin (LIVALO) to prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV infection
Shortened Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Children
5 vs 10 days of antibiotic therapy in young children (age 6-23 months) with AOM.
RSV in Older Adults
RSVPreF3 (AREXVY) vaccine for RSV in older adults.
SELECT
Semaglutide vs placebo in patients with obesity, without diabetes.
FINEARTS-HF
Finerenone vs placebo in patients with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
DELIVER
Dapagliflozin (FORXIGA) vs placebo in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
FOURIER
Evolocumab (REPATHA) vs placebo in cardiovascular disease.
REDUCE-IT
Icosapent Ethyl (VASCEPA) vs mineral oil (as placebo) for elevated triglycerides.
PINETREE
Remdesivir (VEKLURY) vs placebo for high-risk COVID-19 outpatients.
TACKLE
Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (EVUSHLED) vs placebo for high-risk COVID-19 outpatients.
COMET-ICE
Sotrovimab (XEVUDY) vs placebo for high-risk COVID-19 outpatients.
UTI in Males
7 vs 14 days of antibiotic therapy for UTIs in afebrile men.
SABINA
SABA use and mortality risk in patients with asthma.
Medication Overuse Headache Management
Withdrawal, prophylaxis, or both for the management of medication overuse headache.
EPIC-HR
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (PAXLOVID) vs placebo for high-risk COVID-19 outpatients.
PROVENT
Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (EVUSHLED) vs placebo for COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Risk of Dementia with Benzo and Z-Drug Use
Benzos / z-drugs and risk of dementia.
ANTLER
Likelihood of success when stopping an antidepressant.
STAR*D
Comparison of various strategies for treating depression.
CAPiTA
Pneumococall-13 vaccine (PREVNAR-13) vs placebo in older adults.
EMPEROR-Preserved
Empagliflozin 10mg vs placebo in heart failure with preserved enjection fraction.
SYGMA 1
Terbutaline prn vs bud-form prn vs budesonide BID + terbutaline prn in asthma.
SYGMA 2
Bud-form prn vs budesonide BID + terbutaline prn in asthma.
Novel START
Salbutamol prn vs bud-form prn vs budesonide BID + salbutamol prn in asthma.
PRACTICAL
Bud-form prn vs budesonide BID + terbutaline prn in asthma.
Asthma: Quad ICS vs Usual Care
Quadrupling ICS dose in the 'yellow zone' of an asthma action plan vs usual care.
VICTORIA
Vericiguat 10mg vs placebo in heart failure.
Effect of High-Dose Vit D on Bone Density & Strength
Vitamin D 400 units vs 4,000 units vs 10,000 units in primary prevention of osteoporosis.
EMPEROR-Reduced
Empagliflozin 10mg vs placebo in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
DAPA-CKD
Dapagliflozin 10mg vs placebo in chronic kidney disease.
DECLARE-TIMI 58
Dapagliflozin 10mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
CREDENCE
Canagliflozin 100mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease.
DAPA-HF
Dapagliflozin 10mg vs placebo in heart failure.
SPACE
Opioids vs non-opioids in chronic pain.
Opioid vs Nonopioid for Acute Pain in the ED
Opioids vs non-opioids in acute pain.
SPS3 systolic BP
Lower vs higher systolic blood pressure in recent stroke.
PIONEER AF-PCI
Rivaroxaban + P2Y12 inhibitor vs rivaroxaban + DAPT vs warafrin + DAPT in a-fib & PCI.
MATCH
Clopiodgrel + ASA vs clopidogrel alone in recent stroke or TIA.
SPS3 antiplatelet
Clopidogrel + ASA vs ASA alone in recent stroke.
CHANCE
Clopiogrel + ASA vs ASA alone in minor stroke or TIA.
SHIFT
Ivabradine vs placebo in heart failure.
Amoxicillin vs Placebo for Respiratory Tract Infections
Amoxicillin versus placebo in patients with acute lower-respiratory-tract infection
in primary care when pneumonia is not suspected
(e.g. bronchitis)
CAP-START
Beta-lactam vs beta-lactam + macrolide vs fluoroquinolone in community acquired pneumonia.
Nitrofurantoin vs TMP/SMX in UTIs
Nitrofurantoin (MACROBID) vs TMP/SMX in women with acute uncomplicated cystitis.
TMP/SMX vs Placebo for Skin Abscess
TMP/SMX vs placebo in uncomplicated skin abscess.
ELIXA
Lixisenatide 20mcg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
EMPA-REG
Empagliflozin 10mg vs empagliflozin 25mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
IRIS
Pioglitazone 45mg vs placebo in recent stroke or TIA.
LEADER
Liraglutide 1.8mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
TECOS
Sitagliptin 100mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
DAPT
12 vs 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents.
PCI-CLARITY
Clopidogrel vs placebo as pre-treatment before PCI.
PCI-CURE
Clopidogrel + ASA vs ASA alone as pre-treatment before PCI.
PEGASUS-TIMI 54
Ticagrelor vs placebo in prior MI.
PLATO
Ticagrelor vs clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome.
TRITON-TIMI 38
Prasugrel vs clopiodgrel in acute coronary syndrome.
FLAME
Indacaterol + glycopyrronium vs salmeterol + fluticasone in COPD.
SSTI: Cadena et al
Clindamycin vs TMP/SMX in uncomplicated skin infections.
SPRINT
Higher vs lower blood pressure targets.
IMPROVE-IT
Ezetimibe + simvastatin vs simvastatin alone in cardiovascular disease.
FIELD substudy
Fenofibrate 200mg vs placebo in patients with diabetes, by gender.
PARADIGM-HF
Valsartan + sacubitril vs enalapril in heart failure.
Smoking: Evins et al
Varenicline vs placebo for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
SAVOR-TIMI 53
Saxagliptin vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
ASPIRE
ASA vs placebo to prevent VTE.
RE-LY
Dabigatran vs warfarin in atrial fibrilation.
WARFASA
ASA vs placebo following warfarin to prevent VTE.
SENIOR
Solifenacin vs oxybutynin in overactive bladder in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
SPREAD-DIMCAD
Metformin vs glipizide in type 2 diabetes.
RACE-II
Lenient vs strict rate control in atrial fibrillation.
PALLAS
Dronedarone vs placebo in atrial fibrillation.
ARISTOTLE
Apixiban vs warfarin in atrial fibrillation.
ROCKET-AF
Rivaroxaban vs warfarin in atrial fibrillation.
SHARP
Simvastatin + ezetimibe vs placebo in chronic kidney disease.
AIM-HIGH
Niacin + simvastatin vs placebo + simvastatin in cardiovascular disease.
CATIE-AD
Olanzapine vs quetiapine vs risperidone vs placebo in Alzheimer's Disease.
Pain: Solomon et al
NSAIDs vs coxibs vs opioids in arthritis.
Smoking: Singh et al
Varenicline vs placebo in smoking cessation & CV risk.
Cough: Paul et al
Vapor rub vs petrolatum vs no treatment in kids with cough.
Hirsutism Landmark Trials
ACCORD LIPID & BP
Aggresive vs standard diabetes targets.
ARBs: Meta-analysis
Do ARBs increase the risk of cancer?
RECORD
Rosiglitazone vs usual care in type 2 diabetes.
ACTIVE A
ASA + clopidogrel vs ASA alone in atrial fibrillation.
ACTIVE W
ASA + clopiodgrel vs warfarin in atrial fibrillation.
ACCORD
Intensive vs standard glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
ADVANCE
Intensive vs standard glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
ACCOMPLISH
ACEI + amlodipine vs ACEI + hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension.
ENHANCE
Simvastatin vs simvastatin + ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia.
JUPITER
Rosuvastatin 20mg vs placebo in cardiovascular disease.
OAB: Kay et al
Darifenacin vs oxybutynin effects on memory/cognition.
DREAM
Rosiglitazone 8mg vs placebo & ramipril 15mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
IDEAL
Atorvastatin 80mg vs simvastatin 20-40mg in previous MI.
SPARCL
Atorvastatin 80mg vs placebo in stroke prevention.
CHARISMA
Clopidogrel + ASA vs ASA alone in cardiovascular disease.
Asthma Landmark Trials
ASCOT-BPLA
Amlodipine vs atenolol in hypertension.
CARDS
Atorvastatin 10mg vs placebo in type 2 diabetes.
PROVE IT-TIMI 22
Atorvastatin 80mg vs pravastatin 40mg in acute coronary sydnrome.
ASCOT-LLA
Atorvastatin vs placebo for cardiovascular disease.
CHARM
Candesartan vs placebo in heart failure.
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